PAN MOHAMAD FAIZ

PERKEMBANGAN ILMU PERBANDINGAN HUKUM

Pemahaman dan pembenahan kembali terhadap pendidikan hukum di tengah-tengah masyarakat dapat menjadi jendela masa depan bagi pelaksanaan sistem hukum yang dianut. Dalam hal ini, seseorang akan menemukan kerangka ekspresi dan tingkah laku dasar mengenai hukum; apakah hukum itu, apakah yang harus dilakukan oleh para ahli hukum, bagaimana suatu sistem hukum bekerja atau bagaimana seharusnya suatu sistem beroperasi. Melalui pendidikan hukum, budaya hukum terus dialirka dari satu generasi ke generasi selanjutnya.  

Pendidikan hukum memberi peluang kepada kita untuk dapat turut menentukan arah dan masa depan dari suatu masyarakat. Mereka yang akan menjadi penentu sistem hukum dan mengisi posisi-posisi penting kepemimpinan di dalam pemerintahan dan sektor privat, pada umumnya akan jatuh terutama kepada para ahli hukum, setidaknya hal ini terjadi pada masyarakat dunia barat, atau mereka yang lulus dari sekolah hukum. Apa yang mereka pelajari dan bagaimana hal tersebut diajari kepada mereka sedikit banyak telah memberikan efek dan nuansa terhadap tujuan akhir mereka, tingkah laku mereka dan cara-cara bagaimana mereka mengambil peran penting di dalam kehidupan sosial kemasyarakatan. 

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HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION AS A BASIC FOUNDATION OF
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA 

According to the Human Development Report 2007 launched by the United Nation Development Programme, The Human Development Index for Indonesia is 0.728 which gives the country a rank of 107th out of 177 countries. It is ranked 7th among the South East Asian countries. Nevertheless Indonesia, however, has abundant natural resources, huge human capital and relatively well developed infrastructure as compared to the other South East Asian countries.

The most significant cause for the condition mentioned above is the drawback of sustainable development in Indonesia. Some people strongly believe that raising the challenge of sustainable development can help the Indonesian policy debate go forward in a better direction. At the heart of the problem is how to deal with promoting the sustainable development of Indonesia. One of the best approaches can be viewed from the perspective of human rights protection for the people.

Basically sustainable development encompasses three pillars based on environmental, economic, and social values which are interdependent and mutually reinforcing with human rights. Between sustainable development and human rights there is an inseparable relationship whereas the respect for human rights has been recognized as a prerequisite for development. For instance, people’s ability to participate in sustainable development is hindered when fundamental rights of people are threatened or lack the basic human rights of food, health, education, shelter, freedom of expression and the right to political participation. In another word, without respect for human rights, the ability of people to move to a sustainable future will be hindered.

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New Delhi - Ditandai dengan penetapan “Hari Blogger Nasional” setiap tanggal 27 Oktober yang dicanangkan langsung oleh Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika, Muhammad Nuh, dalam acara Pesta Blogger 2007, telah menjadikan fenomena World Blogging di Indonesia kian hari kian marak. Menurut catatan terakhir, dari 88 juta Blogger di seluruh dunia, saat ini terdapat kurang lebih 130.000 Blogger Indonesia yang turut meramaikan lalu-lintas dunia maya dari seluruh penjuru belahan dunia.

Perjalanan dalam mengarungi dunia perbloggingan ini pun bagi saya pribadi belumlah lama, yaitu baru akan menginjak tahun ketiga pada akhir Februari mendatang. Namun demikian, manfaat dan perkembangan informasi pengetahuan dan jaringan yang saya peroleh dapat dikatakan jauh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan waktu yang saya luangkan dalam mengelola blog ini.

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LAW AND THE LIBERATION OF BONDED LABOUR IN INDIA

I. Introduction

Bonded labour is widely prevalent in many regions in India. The main feature of the system is that the debtor pledges his person or that a member of his family for a loan and is released on the repayment of the debt.

Bonded labour is referred to by different names in different regions. The Elayaperumal Committee mentions the following:

• Gothi in Orissa;
• Machindari in Madya Pradesh;
• Sagri in Rajasthan;
• Vet Begar and Salbandi in Maharastha;
• Jana, Manihi or Ijhari in Jammu and Kashmir;
• Jeetha in Mysore;
• Vetti in Tamil Nadu.

In the beginning of the twentieth century the system combined the elements of exploitation, patronage and protection at least in some regions. But with increasing trend towards the money-economy and changes in the types of use to which agricultural land is put, the element of patronage disappeared and that of exploitation persisted. (more…)

A. Introduction

Problem related to dowry have come to the attention of Indian social workers from 1960’s onwards. Dowry induced violence may be physical or mental, overt or covert. Dowry has been referred to as a social cancer, a cruel custom and an insult to the dignity of women. It has been crystallized in Indian society and, despite legislation, cases of dowry harassment and dowry deaths are increasing every year.

The National Commission for women in India in one of its year reports (2000) states that everyday, almost every six hours, somewhere at some place in India, a young married woman is being burnt alive or beaten to death or being pushed the commit suicide. Over the past few years, the cases of bride burning have registered a sharp increase through-out India.

B. Conception

1. Dowry

Dowry has been referred and may defined as “unilateral transfer of resources from the bride’s family at marriage to the groom’s family for inviting her to their home permanently and that dowry is, therefore, a compensatory payment to the family which agrees to shelter her hypothetically for the rest of her life. 2. Bride PriceDowry implies ritual and secular transfer of gifts from the family of the bride to that of the groom. On the other hand, bride price implies transfer of gifts from the family of the groom to that of the bride with or without similar transfer from the family of the bride that of the groom. (more…)