MASA DEPAN CONSTITUTIONAL COMPLAINT
(Tulisan diterbitkan dalam Kolom “Ruang Konstitusi” di MAJALAH KONSTITUSI No. 165, November 2020, hlm. 116-117 – Download)
Kajian mengenai pengaduan konstitusional atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah constitutional complaint bukanlah hal yang baru dalam ranah studi hukum dan konstitusi. Penulis sendiri pertama kali menuliskan artikel mengenai constitutional complaint pada 28 Februari 2006. Saat itu, Penulis membuat artikel dengan tajuk “Menabur Benih Constitutional Complaint”. Tulisan tersebut terinspirasi dari dissenting opinion yang disampaikan oleh Hakim Konstitusi Maruarar Siahaan yang menyayangkan ketiadaan constitutional complaint dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia.
Pertanyaannya, setelah hampir 15 tahun sejak artikel tersebut dipublikasikan, bagaimana perkembangan dari benih yang telah ditaburkan itu? Jangankan mulai berbuah, tunasnya pun mungkin tidak terlalu terlihat. Namun, akar kajian dari constitutional complaint tersebut dapat dikatakan semakin kuat dan saling berkelindan dengan gagasan-gagasan serupa yang disampaikan oleh banyak pihak lainnya.
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Abstract: A jurisdiction of the Indonesian Constitutional Court concerning constitutional adjudication is only limited to review the constitutionality of national law. There is no mechanism for challenging any decision or action made by public authorities that violate fundamental rights enshrined in the Indonesian Constitution. This article argues that constitutional complaint and constitutional question might be adopted as new jurisdictions of the Indonesian Constitutional Court in order to strengthen the protection of fundamental rights of its citizen. It also identifies main problems that will be faced by the Constitutional Court in exercising constitutional complaint and constitutional question. For instance, the Court will be burdened with too many cases as experienced by other countries. A clear mechanism for filtering applications lodged to the Constitutional Court and the time limit for deciding cases are important elements that have to be regulated to overcome the problems. In addition, the institutional structure of the Constitutional Court has to be improved, particularly to support its decision-making process.
