LEGAL PROBLEMS OF DUALISM OF JUDICIAL REVIEW SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
* Published in Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, Vol. 16, No. 2, May 2016, pp. 187-195
Abstract: Indonesia implements dualism of judicial review system because there are two different judicial institutions that are granted the authority to review laws and regulations, namely the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. This research aims to analyse the problems caused by the dualism of judicial review system. It found two main legal problems of the current system. First, there is an inconsistency of decisions concerning judicial review cases for the same legal issues decided by the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. Second, there is no mechanism to review the constitutionality of People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR) decisions and regulations under the level of law. Based on these findings, this research suggests that the authority to review all laws and regulations should be integrated under the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court.
Keywords: Constitutional Court, Constitutional Review, Judicial Review, Indonesian Legal System
Download: here.
Abstract: A jurisdiction of the Indonesian Constitutional Court concerning constitutional adjudication is only limited to review the constitutionality of national law. There is no mechanism for challenging any decision or action made by public authorities that violate fundamental rights enshrined in the Indonesian Constitution. This article argues that constitutional complaint and constitutional question might be adopted as new jurisdictions of the Indonesian Constitutional Court in order to strengthen the protection of fundamental rights of its citizen. It also identifies main problems that will be faced by the Constitutional Court in exercising constitutional complaint and constitutional question. For instance, the Court will be burdened with too many cases as experienced by other countries. A clear mechanism for filtering applications lodged to the Constitutional Court and the time limit for deciding cases are important elements that have to be regulated to overcome the problems. In addition, the institutional structure of the Constitutional Court has to be improved, particularly to support its decision-making process.
Kajian akademis yang dilakukan oleh peneliti asing mengenai peran pengadilan di Indonesia terhadap akses keadilan seringkali menekankan pada aktivisme yudisial dan insentif bagi para hakim dalam membuat putusan terkait dengan hak warga negara. Namun, tidak banyak peneliti yang mengkaji peran mobilisasi hukum (legal mobilisation) dalam upaya mempertahankan dan memenuhi hak-hak warga negara yang tercantum dalam UUD 1945 dan Undang-Undang.
Pan Mohamad Faiz, S.H., M.C.L., Ph.D. 